After being melted, the ladle of steel is carried by crane to the refiner.  Here we create a vacuum in the ladle, extracting unwanted gasses and non-metallic inclusions.

The steel bath is stirred with argon gas to create homogenous temperature and chemistry, and also to float out any inclusions.

During refining, alloys are added to precisely meet required chemistry and hardenability (DI) specifications.  As the steel is refined, heat is applied to achieve and maintain the precise temperature for best castability.

Throughout the process, the steel is tested to ensure steel cleanness, composition, temperature and chemistry.